Yeah, I know ... try and close your mouth now. That picture above would have given you a pretty good idea of what's coming. Science reporter Rebecca Morell of BBC Newsreports about the colossal sea monster, Pliosaur, whose fossilised skull has been unearthed along the UK's Jurassic Coast by a local collector. In the video on the webpage (which I could not embed here) Palaeontologist Richard Forrest explains why the T. rex was a kitten compared with this monster.
Richard Forrest, a plesiosaur expert, said: "Pliosaur skulls are very big, but not that robust, in general, and you tend to find them crushed flat - completely 'pancaked'. "What is fantastic about this new skull, not only is it absolutely enormous, but it is pretty much in 3D and not much distorted."
Pliosaur means 'more like lizard' and are characterised by having a short neck and an elongated head, in contrast to the long-necked plesiosaurs. Pliosaur fossils have been found before around Norway, Mexico etc. But this find in the UK is by far the largest specimen yet found. If the pictures above and the description has still not convinced you to click on the link in the first paragraph and go watch the video, may be this will.
"It could have taken a human in one gulp; in fact, something like a T. Rex would have been breakfast for a beast like this."
Well hello to you, and welcome. What species can open it's mouth like a crocodile, has stripes like a Zebra, and a tail of that came from who knows where? Oh wait, one other feature, it has a pouch like a Kangaroo! Give up? Well, it's called the Thylacine, or,"wolf headed pouch dog” if you look it up in Latin. But it went extinct back around 1939. Or did it? Read on.
There are a number of articles that have been written about this animal. Why? First, it's a flat out interesting topic to read and write about. And second, a certain someone offered a great deal of money for real time footage of one; 1.25 million dollars to be exact of someone that can show real footage of this species.
Did this species go extinct?
It will have to be listed as one of the most endangered species. This snap shot above is from the Hobart Zoo in 1936. That's when they supposedly went extinct. But hold the phone. Extinct? Do you think they still exist? You be the careful investigator and find out! See an interactive map of all the reported sightings in Australia. How in the world did this species evolve? Who did it propagate with to get its shape? Australia is famous for animals that came out strange from the species assembly line!
How about the Southern Hairy nosed Wombat from Australia? It's a bear. Wait, no, it's got the nose of a rabbit. No, wait, I know, how about a pig? And my favourite characteristic, its pouch is upside down! Hey, if you dug as much as they did, and you were the baby, you'd love that feature to keep your pouch home dirt free. Yes, having a pouch upside down is weird and smart at the same time, and, not to mention, a lot of years of evolution.
Back to the Thylacine
I was shocked, as I'm sure you are too, with how wide a Thylacine can open its jaw! I mean wider than a lion, leopard, grizzly bear, just fill in the blank. The first thing that came to my mind was a crocodile. Why did it develop this way? What did it need to grab hold of that it required that kind of function? Maybe there's an expert on here that could answer some of these stirring questions. And where in the world did it get its stripes? Just a portion of its backsides has stripes; how weird is that?
Lessons from extinction?
Why did the Thylacines numbers go way south? Well, livestock was being threatened and farmers exterminated them. And just what can be learned from this? Well, as you might know, a similar kind of situation is happening in the United States right this moment with the wolves. It's happening with the Gray Wolf and the livestock there. But the awareness level is way high with this endangered species. Environmental organizations are in court to change rulings for the benefit of the wolf. It's this kind of awareness and petitions for people to sign would keep the Thylacine around. It makes for good checks and ensures balance.
Environmental organizations are making a difference.
One final point I'd like to make. There are solutions that mankind can create for endangered species if we would just put to use our eighteen billion brain cells. Here is an example how man stepped in and created a solution to an endangered species situation in Africa. Conservation International is one such group. Some farmers in Africa were seeing the cheetah was killing their livestock, so they started exterminating them. Well, if I was a farmer, and my cows were disappearing, that would seem like the course of action to take. Anyways, an environmental organization learned that this was happening and came up with a brilliant solution! They started paying the farmers for the livestock the cheetahs were eating. And the result? Now the farmers let the cheetahs live!
To Sum Up
As you are aware, there are many more species that need this kind of protection, the wolf, the sharks, and the polar bears to name a few. According to the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), 16,928 species are endangered at this time. Don't get me started! It's all up on my web site. If you have kids that love wild animals, they will have fun on my site. I write about the value of each species, and why they're important.
I really hope the Thylacine is discovered again, because there are lessons to be learned from the crazy method called "extermination”. Well, for those of you that dream of a land where no species are endangered, I created a web site for kids and all to learn some fun wild animal facts about species around the world. Click below. I can't wait to hear from kids. Plus, come say Hi on Twitter.
Let's stop extinction in its tracks with kid's learning. Because when kids get enthused, there' is no stopping them. They can share with their friends and even write to a leader!
I'm not sure what my reaction about this video is. It is one more of those instances where humans have used their scientific know how to manipulate the nature to their advantage. Selective breeding is used to produce these hugely muscular cows and bulls, weighing sometimes up to 1 tonne (ton). There is no cruelty to the animals involved here but even so, I couldn't help but cringe a bit looking at these bovines.
There is a very high number of species on this planet that are about to go extinct in near future. As the scientists have indicated, we’re in the middle of the sixth mass extinction. However, this one is different from the earlier ones in that it is caused and accelerated by one of the numerous species themselves, homo sapiens. And therefore I believe it is our responsibility that we should acknowledge our role and try to salvage as many of them as possible. There's is hope to be found. Where? It's going to be the people that are inheriting this gorgeous blue planet, the children. It is important that our children learn about the importance of each of them in the ecosystem. Every species has a role to play on this planet. None, absolutely none, is here without a purpose. If our children understand their purpose they will understand their value. And only then there is a chance that the future homo sapiens will not make the same mistakes as their ancestors.
Few days back I came across Scott Bright (@Speciesguy) on Twitter who has a passion for teaching kids about various endangered species. About a year ago Scott saw some statistics online that said 16,928 species are endangered of extinction at this time. He was shocked to learn this and decided that he had to do something to make a difference! Since then Scott has been doing his best at writing for and about endangered species. His main focus is on sharing the information in a fun way for kids (and their parents) to discover why each species is unique, the value of each species and what roles they play in our biosphere. His website also provides a place where your child can write to a leader with your help. One of the ways Scott is making a difference is showing where people can adopt an animal on line. Zoos and other places have become a safe haven for preserving endangered species, like Texas!
After I browsed through his two websites, links to which are at the end of this post, I got in touch with Scott and requested him if he would want to guest post on my blog. And Scott has graciously agreed to share, not one, but a number of posts with us. So we’re starting a new series called ‘Almost gone’ for every Saturday. Each post will focus on one species. He and I sincerely hope that you will share them with your kids. If Scott’s posts here pique your kids’ interest, head over to his website. There you’ll find a treasure trove of books, CDs, DVDs and more about endangered species to further stoke you child's enthusiasm. And your purchase only helps promote awareness about endangered species.
Remember, it's the kids that are a powerful resource for saving endangered species. And education is the fastest way of getting the endangered species, like sharks, polar bears, wolves and rhinos to name a few, out of their current status. Looking forward to you and your kids’ company on here.
Insects and animals have evolved some amazing skills -- but, as Robert Full notes, many animals are actually over-engineered. The trick is to copy only what's necessary. He shows how human engineers can learn from animals' tricks.
Before long, we will each have an alter ego to assess the medication we need. That's the vision of Natalia Alexandrov, winner of the New Scientist/NC3Rs "Beyond animal research" essay competition.
I didn't know that in island environments small mammals (e.g. rodents) tend to evolve to be larger (Island gigantism), and large mammals (e.g. elephants) tend to evolve to be smaller (Island dwarfism). This is not considered to be evolutionary trend by some due to the fact that different parameters apply in an isolated island environment. Wikipedia telle me that J. Bristol Foster published his work in 1964, now known as 'Island rule', in which he suggested the simple explanation that smaller creatures get larger in the absence of the predators they had attracted on the mainland and larger creatures become smaller with the absence of food sources. An article in Science Daily suggests, however, that the original size of the species was said to be the key determining factor in these changes. And that the new research by a group in Imperial College London have shown that "bigger becoming smaller and vice versa" is not always the case and varies depending on each islan's environment.
Interestingly, recent research in marine biology led by MBARIpostdoctoral fellow Craig McClain suggests that a similar trend affects animals as they adapt to life in the deep sea. However, once again the trends are not uniform from species to species and the causes are not very clear either. So in general, it looks like we've still got quite a bit to learn about our fellow Earthlings in isolated environments.
Here is one more of the nature's fascinating acts of precision ... the lifecycle of the cicada! The periodical cicada is one of the world’s longest-living insects, but nobody knows why it times its death with bizarre precision: It either lives for 13 years or 17 years, on the dot.
Now, as Wired Science reports, Japanese researchers have developed a model that may explain the animals’ mysteriously accurate biological clocks. Cicadas spend 99% of their lives underground, as juveniles. Once every 13 or 17 years, they emerge from the ground en-mass, feed on tree leaves, mate and leave behind the eggs that later fertilise and the parent cicadas die. However, this unique synchronisation of thousands of cicadas over long, prime number of years must have some strong reason behind it. A leading theory is that long, prime-numbered life cycles minimize the likelihood that the 13-year broods and 17-year broods will ever mate. Though this theory is mathematically sound, no one could say why the animals would need to minimize hybridization.
Jin Yoshimura at Shizuoka University has developed a mathematical model to explore the rationale. If 13-year and 17-year broods interbred, they might produce offspring with intermediate lifecycles. This could result in their emergence few years before or after the vast majority of their fellow cicadas. This is a problem because periodical cicadas find strength in numbers. They’re easy to catch and don’t bite or sting, so they easily become snacks for hungry predators. But by buzzing around with hundreds of thousands of other cicadas, the probability of any one being eaten is close to zero.
To read more about this exciting new theory that increases the awe about nature's precision design, click on the link above in the post.
Citation: “Allee effect in the selection for prime-numbered cycles in periodical cicadas” by Yumi Tanaka, Jin Yoshimura, Chris Simon, John R. Cooley, and Kei-ichi Tainaka. PNAS, May 18 2009.
Nature, animals, humankind ... make the connection. That is the tagline of this award-winning documentary film (@EarthlingsMovie on Twitter) about the suffering of animals for food, fashion, pets, entertainment and medical research. I would like to share a few lines from their homepage that describe the documentary, its impact and its making.
“Considered the most persuasive documentary ever made, EARTHLINGS is nicknamed “the Vegan maker” for its sensitive footage shot at animal shelters, pet stores, puppy mills, factory farms, slaughterhouses, the leather and fur trades, sporting events, circuses and research labs. The film is narrated by Academy Award® nominee Joaquin Phoenix and features music by platinum-selling recording artist Moby. Initially ignored by distributors, today EARTHLINGS is considered the definitive animal rights film by organizations around the world. ..... Nation Earth was established to produce documentary films on socially urgent issues. EARTHLINGS, released in 2005, was the company's first feature film and is the first of a documentary trilogy. The company is currently at work on the second instalment, UNITY, which will explore the unifying force of consciousness found in nature, animals and humankind. UNITY is scheduled to be completed in 2009.”
Now I must warn my readers, as does the trailer of the documentary at the start, the footage in the documentary is very graphic. I had to stop watching the trailer half way through. But that is exactly the kind of “shock treatment” impact needed to get anything past our thick skulls. I’d say it is appropriately named “the Vegan maker” as it will not be surprising if you feel squeamish eating any kind of meat after you’ve watched this documentary. However, my view about this whole issue is very different from most people (as it is on many other topics like human history).
If we look around, we see that food chains exist on our planet, one species being dependent on the other for their dietary needs. Plants don’t consume any other species but simply CO2 and use sunlight. But from there upwards, someone consumes someone else, be it the herbivores, carnivores or omnivores. Nature has designed us all to consume one or the other of our fellow earthlings. So then how are us humans different? We should not feel bad about eating other earthlings for our nutrition. However, there IS a difference between us and all the other species that we have morals. The lion doesn’t think of the deer’s suffering before digging his sharp teeth into its tender flesh. But nature has given the ability to understand other earthlings’ suffering. Shouldn’t we be using that ability when dealing with other earthlings?
I know what you are thinking. You’re thinking, “So you’re telling me, it is OK to kill the animals only if we do it in a way that they don’t suffer?” Yes, that’s exactly what I am saying. One species killing and consuming the other is a law of nature. Because if you say I don’t want any killing to be done at all for my needs, then you’d have to stop eating! Now you’ll say, “I’ll turn vegan/vegetarian/herbivore.” So my question is, just because you don’t see blood pouring out of a tomato or a banana doesn’t scream and protest when you detach them from the plant, you categorise that as “not killing” them? Think about it. Aren’t we being biased in our definition of violence and killing? So I don’t get this whole point of being Vegan. You are still eating someone ... they’re just not as animate as some others whom us omnivores eat. Being herbivore or carnivore or omnivore is everyone’s choice. But no one should fool themselves in thinking they’re helping the planet by choosing to be herbivores. You're still using plants and animals for other purposes than food. If you really want to help the planet, strike a balance. Us humans have made this mistake too many times. We go all out in doing something and then when the ecosystem is out of balance due to it, we chose to completely stop doing it and feel proud of ourselves for stopping. No, that’s not how the Earth works. She wants a balance of everything. And all we’ve given here over and over again are extremes.
Because of our inherent intelligence, we have worked out ways of using our fellow earthlings for more than just nutrition. We make everything, from all sorts of basic commodities to absolutely unnecessary embellishments out of these species, plants and animals. So using these earthlings for food is only a part of our reckless consumption. What needs to stop is being reckless, not the consumption. What needs to stop is cramming of cows and pigs and chickens into “inhumanly” small spaces because we just need more of them. What needs to stop is making their life hell when they’re alive even if we are eventually going to kill them. What needs to stop is killing of snakes and seals and whales and tigers for the use of their respective body parts till only the last few of them remain on this planet. What needs to stop is capturing of animals from the wild and their confinement into cages for our entertainment, their abuse while being trained to do “acts” that nature never intended them to do. We need to acknowledge the right of other species to flourish on this planet and be able to live a good life. There are 6 billion of us on this planet. That’s a big number when it comes to making a difference ... only if we chose the right direction.
Update (12 Jun '09): Two of my blogger friends, Linda MB Hughes and Sandip Sen, got inspired by my blog post and have written their own posts about the movie and their feelings after watching it. Must reads!
Today is Earth Day. Every year since 1970, 22nd April is observed as Earth Day. However, as the tag-line of their official website says, every day should be Earth Day. Celebrating one day out of the 365 of each year is not going to help us (and the planet) at all. There will be many blogs and articles written and videos made about Earth Day today. I wanted to write something fitting as well but didn’t really want to do a commentary on how Earth Day began and how it is celebrated world wide etc.
Instead I thought of sharing with my readers the only conservation program, run by WWF, which intends to conserve the ecology at the two poles. It focuses on saving the polar bears on the Arctic and the penguins on the Antarctica, both of which are under threat of extinction due to retreating ice shelves. The campaign and video made aim at spreading awareness in public about the climate change before the COP15 summit in December. In order to stop disastrous climate changes the global temperature rise needs to be kept under 2 degrees Celsius. Hence, the name of the campaign.Happy Earth Day! Make every day an Earth Day.
So far I’ve written 11 blog posts for the ‘Replanting the rainforests’ (RTR09) campaign by Eco Preservation society that aims towards sustainable management of replanted rainforests. The campaign started about 3 weeks back with the aim of raising $100K towards the abovementioned goal and culminates 4 days after the Earth Day on 26th April. The material I wrote about touched upon various aspects of the campaign ranging from why there is an urgent need for action, what are the methods employed for sustained management of the replanted forests and what other conservation projects (saving near-extinct species) it will support. There is much more that can be written about the topic of conservation and its need.
The importance of the rainforests to our planet cannot be justified enough. They’re the lungs of Earth in a reverse sense that they absorb about fifth of the carbon emissions pumped out by humans. Creating “dis-incentives” for tropical deforestation will help sustain those forests which in turn will help us combat the rapid climate change that the planet is experiencing currently. In spite of all the benefits the planet and humans have from them, rainforests are in crisis today. The reasons for deforestation are varied and their plight is grave. People predominantly grow commercially viable plants, like Palm trees for their oil, in the rainforest area which disrupts the balance of this delicate ecological system. Fate of some really unfortunate forests, like those of the Amazon, is now deemed irreversible. The green house gases emitted by our industrialised civilisation are making the matters worse. The scientists are now conceding that the Earth is most likely facing the 6th mass extinction which will see almost half of the known species of flora and fauna disappear in the next century.
However, all is not lost yet if we wake up on time and take action. We need to find solutions to the problems we created on this beautiful planet. And more and more people are coming up with some great solutions. Replanting the deforested areas is one of the solutions that have been around for a while. However, what is needed is sustainably managed rainforests which will only be possible with the involvement of locals in the affected areas. Important people like the Prince of Wales are now involved in this process and making the populace sit up and take notice. There’s also some hope for the Amazonian rainforests after the scientists revised their estimates of ‘irreversible fate’ for them. However, all these projects can only go ahead with sufficient financial support. It is important that ‘we the people’ start taking an initiative and provide strong financial support for such work. Instead of depending on a few thousand politicians and bureaucrats around the world, let us, the rest of the 6 billion, take action. $10 from each one of us will ensure a huge investment for our future on this ‘little blue planet’ while not asking too much from us. Give a gift of $10 (using the Chip-in widget in right hand column on my blog or RTR09 website) to your planet and secure your and your children’s future! Lets reach the mark of $100K in next 2 days and show our solidarity towards our world.
Planet Earth, your children and I thank you profusely for your contribution!
Continuing on from last two days, today we come to the last segment that gives overview of the 2009 Earth Day pilot projects undertaken by EPS. Each of the projects is connected to the critical issues identified and employs unique methods to achieve the goal.
· Reforestation of Borneo rainforests for saving the habitats of endangered Orang-utans · Reforestation in Costa Rica (Playa el Rey) to provide adequate habitat for its endangered Mono titi monkeys · Reforestation in Belize rainforests to save the Jaguar habitat
Hence all three projects will employ similar methods, such as Tree avalanching, ecological forestry etc., to achieve slightly different goals. The basic idea behind these reforestations is to give back the endangered species their habitat. Loss of favourable habitat is one of the foremost reasons for dwindling numbers of these species. Hence, RTR 09 campaign aims to raise $1M by Earth day (April 22nd, 2009) in order to undertake sustainably managed reforestation at these locations around the world. It is called ‘Give a gift to your planet’ because this is the least we can do to present something valuable to our mother Earth on her birthday, the Earth day. So I sincerely request all my readers to donate at least $10 each toward this great cause. This will also be an investment for your children’s future!
So far I have written in detail about various aspects of the Eco Preservation Society’s (EPS) Replanting the Rainforest (RTR 09) campaign in each of my posts for last couple weeks. However, along with the details, the “big picture” is also important. I think that is especially true about RTR 09 because when one puts all the pieces of these various projects in various countries together, does the real importance and uniqueness of this campaign become apparent. Therefore, for the next three days I’m going to give my readers an overview of three essential aspects of RTR09 that make the campaign complete.
First important feature is identifying the critical issues that need urgent attention. Since the ecosystem all over the world is so out of balance today that numerous places, species and environmental attributes jump to ones attention. However, eventually one has to focus on only a few of them at a time and improve those. It is vital to make unique choices as choosing to work on something that’s already being taken care of is waste of resources (which are limited when it comes to eco-conservation projects). A key element to RTR 09’s reforestation program is that they have targeted their projects to locations that have an essential need in terms of expanding critical wildlife habitat. I’m listing their projects below and placing the links for interested readers to follow them up. The variety of locations and species incorporated in these projects show the true worldwide extent of the campaign.
Once the issues that need to be worked on are identified, next step is to invent or research methods that will help improve the conditions. EPS has successfully done so for many years and that is the topic of tomorrow’s post.
Today's blog is going to be sort of brief. This is because I sort of jumped the gun by writing a blog on 30th March, Wish you planet a happy birthday on Earth Day, which introduced my readers to the 'Replanting the rainforest' and 'Give a gift to your planet' campaigns. Well, turns out that these are the topics for today's blog according to the campaign schedule :). So ...... follow the links above, go to my previous blog and read about these initiative by the Eco Preservation Society on the occassion of Earth Day (22nd April).
Also, if you liked (or should I say, were tremendously impressed by) Dr. Willie Smitts sustained reforestation efforts in Samboja Lestari, about which I wrote yestrday, then here's some more of his discussion about the Orangs and rainforestation.
Have a green day! Oh, and don't forget to donate for RTR09 (upper right corner of this blog).
I cannot say how glad I am that I decided to be a volunteer blogger for the RTR09 campaign. If I didn’t, I don’t know if and when I would have come across this great example of nature-care and dedication that is the Samboja Lestari rainforest project started and taken to success by Dr. Willie Smitts. Dr. Smitts is conservationist who works at the complicated intersection of humankind, the animal world and our green planet. His early work in Indonesia as a forester educated him in the interdependence of these three biospheres. The irresponsible encroachment of humans onto the rainforests and orang-utans’ habitat inspired him to take up the tough task of leading a sustained reforestation project. The Orang-utans, whom he calls “thinkers of the forest”, are intelligent species with ability to think, reason and emote like us. He chose an area, Samboja Lestari, in east Borneo which was ecologically much deteriorated and would need a lot of thought, work and dedication to bring the reforestation to fruition, literally. This was done with the purpose of demonstration that if this area can be reforested, any area can be.
Willie Smitt recently gave a talk at the TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) conference. I was able to watch the video of this talk through the RTR09 campaign website and it was one of the most impressive talks I’ve ever heard. What made Dr. Smitts stand out as different from others for me was his reaction to the audience’s claps when he mentioned that there were a 1000 Orang-utans in the conservation centre he ran. The audience found this an impressive achievement and began clapping. Dr. Smitt immediately interrupted, “No, no, no! Wrong!!! This is an indication of our failure to sustain their natural habitat.” This told me that here was someone who really cared about the ecosystem and not about his achievements in saving it. There are many such and more impressive things about his talk. I can’t list them all here so I’d strongly suggest you watch and listen to him for yourself.
In an unjustifiably short summary, the forest in Samboja Lestari, reduced to wasteland by slash-and-burn agriculture of the locals was resurrected by their own efforts under the able guidance of Willie Smitts. He gives the details of how ‘a recipe’ for sustained reforestation was developed, giving reasons for choosing certain plants and trees to be planted at certain time. It is a very educational presentation. The focus was on imitating the nature and creating ‘multi-layer’ ecology, with different species of trees instead of ‘monoculture’. Locals were educated and involved in this process which led to sustainability of the forest. Samboja Lestari is not only a vibrant ecosystem, with numerous birds and animal species thriving, but is also a climate-changer and rain-machine for the nearby area. Temperatures have dropped, forest fires declined significantly and a permanent rainfall zone created around the area. The locals have adopted a “democratic” control system to ensure no further logging takes place in the forests. It is a truly inspiring story of what us humans can do for the planet (and therefore, for ourselves) if we are determined and dedicated.
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